Perception and Attitude of First-Year Medical Students on Studying Human Anatomy Through Cadaver Dissection (Online Streaming)-A Survey Investigation

In medical colleges, cadaveric dissection is an effective anatomy teaching method. Cadaveric dissections put students at the center of learning and show structures in their natural environment. However, most students dislike autopsy dissection since it's tedious and time-consuming. Thus, our study examined first-year medical students' attitudes toward dissection to learn anatomy. After the semester, students received a 3-domain questionnaire on preparedness, attitude, and restrictions. All information was gathered and recorded anonymously using Google forms. Each domain has many questions that add up to a score that shows how well they are prepared and how far online learning can go. One hundred MBBS first-year students participated in online anatomy lessons. After online courses, consenting students completed Google feedback forms regarding their experiences, which were examined and quantified. One hundred students completed the questionnaire and provided comments. Online courses were the most fantastic method to study human anatomy in medical school, according to 97.2%. Only 32.8% of students were uneasy, utilizing visuals to illustrate the softer aspects. Students' emotions and attitudes during corpse dissection varied by gender. Online was more appealing to males than women. Students prefer online courses over image-based ones because of the flexibility of time management and seating configuration. The statistical analysis revealed significant gender-related inequalities in student opinions. Other medical students showed similar variances at various phases of the research. The online anatomy classes for AVMC&H medical students were easy and enjoyable and utilized the "steeplechase" method. Our study shows the pros and cons of online education. Trainers/instructors should examine using online live forms as an instructional tool in anatomy training and generate new anatomy-related films for formal live teaching in the medical curriculum to accomplish this goal. However, additional study is needed to determine how much online education affects student learning and training.

Initial Stage Identification of COVID-19 Using Capsule Networks

Coronavirus is a pandemic that has kept us in great grief for the past few months. These days have created a devastating effect all through the world. As coronavirus has lot of similarities with other lung diseases, it becomes a challenging task for medical practitioners to identify the virus. A fast and robust system to identify the disease has been the need of the hour. In this chapter, we have used convolutional CapsNet for detecting COVID-19 disease using chest X-ray images. This design aims at obtaining fast and accurate diagnostic results. The proposed technique with less trainable parameters, COVID-CAPS, produced an accuracy of 87.5%, a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 95.8%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. The main advantage of using CapsNet is that it can capture affine transformation in data that is a common scenario while dealing with real-world X-ray images. The CapsNet model is trained with normal data and tested with affine transformed data. The accuracy level obtained in the proposed method is comparatively much better along with having less learnable parameters and computational speed as compared to standard architectures such as ResNet, MobileNet, etc. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Inequities in timely cancer treatment after testing positive for COVID-19: Findings from the ASCO Survey on COVID-19 in Oncology (ASCO) Registry

Introduction: There is a disproportionately greater burden of COVID-19 among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic individuals, who also shoulder an inordinate burden of poor cancer outcomes. Understanding patient- and area-level factors contributing to these inequities at the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer is critical. As such, the objective of this study was to evaluate inequities in receipt of timely cancer treatment following a confirmed positive test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the virus that causes COVID-19. Method(s): This retrospective cohort study is comprised of 2,686 non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic cancer patients from the American Society for Clinical Oncology COVID-19 Registry (ASCO Registry), for whom relatively complete data were available at entry into the registry (at the date of confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test) up to the end of the follow-up period (~6-9 months post confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test). Data were collected from April 2020 to November 2021. Relative risk (RR) estimates (generated using the generalized linear model procedure with a Poisson distribution, log link, and robust error variances) were used to examine multivariable-adjusted associations between patient-level sociodemographic and clinical factors and area-level social determinants of health (SDOH), separately, with timely (on schedule or within 14 days of schedule) and delayed (>=14-day delay) receipt of cancer treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to investigate the time (in days) to restart cancer treatment post-COVID-19 infection. Result(s): After correction for multiple comparisons, for drug-based therapy, NHB race (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55-0.87];P=.002) and male sex (RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71-0.95];P=.009) were associated with 31% and 18% reductions in timely treatment receipt. NHB race (RR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.17-1.71];P<.001) was also associated with a 41% increased risk of >=14-day delays in treatment receipt. NHB patients further experienced longer delays, on average, in restarting drug-based therapy relative to NHW and Hispanic patients (mean days: 54.7 vs. 36.6 and 36.7, P=.001). Hispanic ethnicity was marginally associated with a lower likelihood of timely drug-based therapy receipt (RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.61-1.02];P=.075) and a greater risk of delayed receipt of drug-based therapy (RR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.04-1.67];P=.024). Residents of areas with higher proportions of NHWs (>=77.4% vs. <77.4%) had a 31% higher likelihood of timely drug-based therapy receipt (RR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.18-1.47];P<.001) and 21% significantly lower risk of delayed drug-based therapy (RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69- 0.90];P=.001). Conclusion(s): NHB cancer patients, males, and residents of areas that are more racially and ethnically diverse experienced delayed drug-based cancer treatment following COVID19 infection. These delays will likely exacerbate persistent cancer survival inequities in the United States.

Deep Learning Based NLP Embedding Approach for Biosequence Classification

Biological sequence analysis involves the study of structural characteristics and chemical composition of a sequence. From a computational perspective, the goal is to represent sequences using vectors which bring out the essential features of the virus and enable efficient classification. Methods such as one-hot encoding, Word2Vec models, etc. have been explored for embedding sequences into the Euclidean plane. But these methods either fail to capture similarity information between k-mers or face the challenge of handling Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) k-mers. In order to overcome these challenges, in this paper we aim explore the possibility of embedding Biosequences of MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV-2 using Global Vectors (GloVe) model and FastText n-gram representation. We conduct an extensive study to evaluate their performance using classical Machine Learning algorithms and Deep Learning methods. We compare our results with dna2vec, which is an existing Word2Vec approach. Experimental results show that FastText n-gram based sequence embeddings enable deeper insights into understanding the composition of each virus and thus give a classification accuracy close to 1. We also provide a study regarding the patterns in the viruses and support our results using various visualization techniques. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Parotid Abscess in A Case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Parotid gland enlargement as a presenting manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is very rare, even though it has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia. Here we present a case of parotid abscess in a case of ALL in the presence of Dengue.

The effect of covid-19 on the opioid epidemic: A retrospective review investigating the changes in opioid consumption in chronic pain patients unable to undergo their interventional pain procedure during the Covid-19 pandemic

Purpose The opioid epidemic is a serious national crisis that has detrimental impacts on both public health, and social and economic welfare. Therefore, any efforts to combat the opioid epidemic, including minimizing or weaning opioid prescriptions, and using other modes of analgesia when possible are undeniably necessary in this day and age. With the onset of Covid-19 pandemic, healthcare providers abruptly changed their care delivery. In-person clinic visits were changed to telemedicine, and elective cases were canceled. Due to a growing concern that chronic pain patients may have limited resources from this unprecedented time of social and economic shutdown, organizations such as American Medical Association and Drug Enforcement Administration have supported implementing measures to ensure these patients achieve adequate pain control by improving access to pain medications, but at the cost of reducing barriers and restrictions to controlled substances. Some of these policies include allowing all 'authorized practitioners' to prescribe controlled substances via telemedicine without first conducting an inperson examination, and removing existing barriers for patients, which includes dose, quantity, refill restrictions on controlled substances. In addition, FDA has advised patients stating the use of NSAIDs could worsen coronavirus disease. Given the cancellation of elective interventional pain management procedures, relaxed regulations on controlled substances, and cautioned use of NSAIDs during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is reasonable to suspect a dramatic increase in opioid prescription during this time. However, to my understanding, there are no reports measuring the rate of opioid prescriptions during the pandemic although there has been numerous reports of increased rates of opioid-overdose related cases when compared to previous years. Our study will focus on the change in opioid consumption in chronic pain patients who were unable to undergo their interventional pain procedure during the Covid-19 pandemic. By demonstrating whether or not there has been a significant increase in opioid consumption in this patient population, we can justify the efficacy of these procedures and the necessity of these elective procedures to be allowed to be performed during future pandemics. Methods Our study will take place at King's County Hospital Center. It will be a retrospective study looking into the medical charts of chronic pain patients who had a scheduled interventional pain procedure to be performed in the OR, from March 1, 2020 to May 30, 2020. EPIC and QuadraMed are the EMR systems that will be used to collect data. Subjects will be classified into groups based on their canceled interventional pain procedure. For each patient, the number of opioid(s), frequency, dose, and duration of each opioid prescribed will be obtained from the visits just prior and after the notification of the canceled procedure. The secondary outcome will determine if there are any co-variates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and number of procedures received in the past) associated with an increase in opioid consumption. Results This study anticipates including a total of about 100 subjects. These subjects will be further divided into their respectiveplanned interventional pain procedures including: epidural steroid injections, facet joint injections, trigger point injections, sympathetic blocks, and radiofrequency nerve ablations. In each group, the change in opioid consumption will be quantified by calculating the change in MME. Data will be further stratified by covariates. Conclusions If the results do show a statistically significant increase in opioid consumption with the cancellation of interventional pain procedures, then this may justify that these procedures should be allowed to be performed during a future pandemic and to think twice before canceling all elective procedures.

COVID-19 therapeutic and prevention aminoquinolines against coronavirus disease (COVID-19): chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine review (preprint)

The ongoing development of the novel pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is liable for an overall pandemic. Given the worldwide wellbeing crisis, medicate repositioning is the most solid alternative to plan a proficient treatment for contaminated patients immediately. The initial step of the viral replication cycle. The patient evade mechanical airing along with gain a prompt clinical and radiological improvement, after treatment of escalate plasma trade (PE) trailed by intravenous immunogloblin (IVIG). sort of COVID-19, may require serious consideration treatment or even consider, the utilization of mechanical ventilation for patients with respiratory disappointment. The rate and death rates were corresponded with DCI, particularly in nations with neighborhood transmission. By and large, this starter report shows us the underlying epidemiological discoveries of COVID-19, however persistent checking of patients with this illness is still justified. The ID of this new mechanism of activity of CLQ and CLQ-OH bolsters the utilization of these repositioned medications to fix patients contaminated with SARS-CoV-2. The in-silico approaches utilized in this investigation may likewise be utilized to survey the effectiveness of an expansive scope of repositioned or potentially imaginative medication applicants before clinical assessment. In addition, it might improve poor clinical results of these patients.